Noticias em eLiteracias

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✇ International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies

Modelling weightlifting 'Training-Diet-Competition' cycle following a modular and scalable approach

Por Piyaporn Tumnark — 4 de Fevereiro de 2021, 04:20

Modelling weightlifting 'Training-Diet-Competition' cycle following a modular and scalable approach
Piyaporn Tumnark; Paulo Cardoso; Jorge Cabral; Filipe Conceição
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 3 (2020) pp. 185 - 196
Studies in weightlifting have been characterised by unclear results and information paucity, mainly due to the lack of information sharing between athletes, coaches, biomechanists, physiologists and nutritionists. These experts' knowledge is not captured, classified or integrated into an information system for decision-making. An ontology-driven knowledge model for Olympic weightlifting was developed to leverage a better understanding of the weightlifting domain as a whole, bringing together related knowledge domains of training methodology, weightlifting biomechanics, and dietary regimes, while modelling the synergy among them. It unifies terminology, semantics, and concepts among sport scientists, coaches, nutritionists, and athletes to partially obviate the recognised limitations and inconsistencies, leading to the provision of superior coaching and a research environment which promotes better understanding and more conclusive results. The ontology-assisted weightlifting knowledge base consists of 110 classes, 50 object properties, 92 data properties, 167 inheritance relationships concepts, in a total of 1761 axioms, alongside 23 SWRL rules.

✇ International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies

An algorithm to generate short sentences in natural language from linked open data based on linguistic templates

Por Augusto Lopes Da Silva — 4 de Fevereiro de 2021, 04:20

An algorithm to generate short sentences in natural language from linked open data based on linguistic templates
Augusto Lopes Da Silva; Sandro José Rigo; Jéssica Braun De Moraes
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 3 (2020) pp. 197 - 208
The generation of natural language phrases from Linked Open Data can benefit from a significant amount of information available on the internet, as well as from the existence of properties within them, which appears, mostly, in the RDF format. These properties can represent semantic relationships between concepts that might help in creating sentences in natural language. Nevertheless, research in this field tends not to use the information in RDF. We support that this is a factor that might foster the generation of more natural phrases. In this scenario, this research explores these RDF properties for the generation of natural language phrases. The short sentences generated by the algorithm implementation were evaluated regarding their fluency by linguists and native English speakers. The results show that the sentences generated are promising regarding sentence fluency.

✇ International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies

Towards linked open government data in Canada

Por Augusto Lopes Da Silva — 4 de Fevereiro de 2021, 04:20

Towards linked open government data in Canada
Enayat Rajabi
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 3 (2020) pp. 209 - 217
Governments are publishing enormous amounts of open data on the web every day in an effort to increase transparency and reusability. Linking data from multiple sources on the web enables the performance of advanced data analytics, which can lead to the development of valuable services and data products. However, Canada's open government data portals are isolated from one another and remain unlinked to other resources on the web. In this paper, we first expose the statistical data sets in Canadian provincial open data portals as Linked Data, and then integrate them using RDF Cube vocabulary, thereby making different open data portals available through a single search endpoint. We leverage Semantic Web Technologies to publish open data sets taken from two provincial portals (Nova Scotia and Alberta) as RDF (the Linked Data format), and to connect them to one another. The success of our approach illustrates its high potential for linking open government data sets across Canada, which will in turn enable greater data accessibility and improved search results.

✇ International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies

Citation content/context data as a source for research cooperation analysis

Por Sergey Parinov — 9 de Julho de 2020, 04:20

Citation content/context data as a source for research cooperation analysis
Sergey Parinov; Victoria Antonova
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 149 - 157
Using citation relationships, one can build three groups of papers: (1) the papers of a selected author; (2) those papers cited by the author; (3) papers citing the author. Authors of papers from these three groups can be presented as a fragment of a research cooperation network, because they use/cite research outputs of each other. Their papers' full texts and especially the contexts of their in-text citations contain some information about the character of this research cooperation. We present a concept of research cooperation, based on publications and the current results of the Cirtec project for building the research cooperation characteristics. This work is based on the processing of citation content/context data. The results include an on-line service for authors to monitor the citation content data extractions and three types of built indicators/parameters: co-citation statistics, spatial distribution of citations over papers' body and topic models for citation contexts.

✇ International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies

From the web of bibliographic data to the web of bibliographic meaning: structuring, interlinking and validating ontologies on the semantic web

Por Helena Simões Patrício — 9 de Julho de 2020, 04:20

From the web of bibliographic data to the web of bibliographic meaning: structuring, interlinking and validating ontologies on the semantic web
Helena Simões Patrício; Maria Inês Cordeiro; Pedro Nogueira Ramos
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 124 - 134
Bibliographic data sets have revealed good levels of technical interoperability observing the principles and good practices of linked data. However, they have a low level of quality from the semantic point of view, due to many factors: lack of a common conceptual framework for a diversity of standards often used together, reduced number of links between the ontologies underlying data sets, proliferation of heterogeneous vocabularies, underuse of semantic mechanisms in data structures, "ontology hijacking" (Feeney et al., 2018), point-to-point mappings, as well as limitations of semantic web languages for the requirements of bibliographic data interoperability. After reviewing such issues, a research direction is proposed to overcome the misalignments found by means of a reference model and a superontology, using Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) to solve current limitations of RDF languages.

✇ International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies

Service traceability in SOA-based software systems: a traceability network add-in for BPAOntoSOA framework

Por Rana Yousef — 9 de Julho de 2020, 04:20

Service traceability in SOA-based software systems: a traceability network add-in for BPAOntoSOA framework
Rana Yousef; Sarah Imtera
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 169 - 183
BPAOntoSOA is a generic framework that generates a service model from a given organisational business process architecture. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) traceability is essentially important to facilitate change management and support reusability of an SOA; it has a wide application in the development and maintenance process. Such a traceability network is not available for BPAOntoSOA framework. This paper introduces an ontology-based traceability network for BPAOntoSOA framework that semantically generates trace links between services and business process architectural elements in both forward and backward directions. The proposed traceability approach was evaluated using the postgraduate faculty information system case study in order to assess the framework behaviour in general. As a continued evaluation effort, a group of parameters have been selected to create an evaluation criterion, which was used to compare the BPAOntoSOA trace solution to one of the most related traceability frameworks, STraS traceability framework.

✇ International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies

CMDIfication process for textbook resources

Por Francesca Fallucchi — 9 de Julho de 2020, 04:20

CMDIfication process for textbook resources
Francesca Fallucchi; Ernesto William De Luca
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 135 - 148
Interoperability between heterogeneous resources and services is the key to a correctly functioning digital infrastructure, which can provide shared resources at once. We analyse the establishment of a standardised common infrastructure covering metadata, content, and inferred knowledge to allow collaborative work between researchers in the humanities. In this paper, we discuss how to provide a CMDI (Component MetaData Infrastructure) profile for textbooks, in order to integrate it into the Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure (CLARIN) and thus to make the data available in an open way and according to the FAIR principles. We focus on the 'CMDIfication' process, which fulfils the needs of our related projects. We describe a process of building resources using CMDI description from Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) and Dublin Core (DC) metadata, testing it on the textbook resources of the Georg Eckert Institute (GEI).

✇ International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies

Intermediary XML schemas: constraint, templating and interoperability in complex environments

Por Getaneh Alemu — 9 de Julho de 2020, 04:20

Intermediary XML schemas: constraint, templating and interoperability in complex environments
Richard Gartner
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 88 - 97
This article introduces the methodology of intermediary schemas for complex metadata environments. Metadata in instances conforming to these is not generally intended for dissemination but must usually be transformed by XSLT transformations to generate instances conforming to the referent schemas to which they mediate. The methodology is designed to enhance the interoperability of complex metadata within XML architectures. This methodology incorporates three subsidiary methods: these are project-specific schemas which represent constrained mediators to over-complex or over-flexible referents (Method 1), templates or conceptual maps from which instances may be generated (Method 2) and serialised maps of instances conforming to their referent schemas (Method 3). The three methods are detailed and their applications to current research in digital ecosystems, archival description and digital asset management and preservation are examined. A possible synthesis of the three is also proposed in order to enable the methodology to operate within a single schema, the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS).

✇ International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies

Unique challenges facing Linked Data implementation for National Educational Television

Por Getaneh Alemu — 9 de Julho de 2020, 04:20

Unique challenges facing Linked Data implementation for National Educational Television
Chris Pierce
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 98 - 111
Implementing Linked Data involves a costly process of converting metadata into an exchange format substantially different from traditional library "records-based" exchange. To achieve full implementation, it is necessary to navigate a complex process of data modelling, crosswalking, and publishing. This paper documents the transition of a data set of National Educational Television (NET) collection records to a "data-based" exchange environment of Linked Data by discussing challenges faced during the conversion. These challenges include silos like the Library's media asset management system Merged Audio-Visual Information System (MAVIS), aligning PBCore with the bibliographic Linked Data model BIBFRAME, modelling differences in works between archival moving image cataloguing and other domains using Entertainment Identifier Registry IDs (EIDR IDs), and possible alignments with EBUCore (the European Broadcasting Union Linked Data model) to address gaps between PBCore and BIBFRAME.

✇ International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies

Exploring the utility of metadata record graphs and network analysis for metadata quality evaluation and augmentation

Por Mark Edward Phillips — 9 de Julho de 2020, 04:20

Exploring the utility of metadata record graphs and network analysis for metadata quality evaluation and augmentation
Mark Edward Phillips; Oksana L. Zavalina; Hannah Tarver
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 112 - 123
Our study explores the possible uses and effectiveness of network analysis, including Metadata Record Graphs, for evaluating collections of metadata records at scale. We present the results of an experiment applying these methods to records in the University of North Texas (UNT) Digital Library and two sub-collections of different compositions: the UNT Scholarly Works collection, which functions as an institutional repository, and a collection of architectural slide images. The data includes count- and value-based statistics with network metrics for every Dublin Core element in each set. The study finds that network analysis provides useful information that supplements other metrics, for example by identifying records that are completely unconnected to other items through the subject, creator, or other field values. Additionally, network density may help managers identify collections or records that could benefit from enhancement. We also discuss the constraints of these metrics and suggest possible future applications.

✇ International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies

The future of interlinked, interoperable and scalable metadata

Por Getaneh Alemu — 9 de Julho de 2020, 04:20

The future of interlinked, interoperable and scalable metadata
Getaneh Alemu; Emmanouel Garoufallou
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 81 - 87
With the growing diversity of information resources the emphasis on data-centric applications such as big data, metadata, semantics and ontologies has become central. This editorial paper presents a summary of recent developments in metadata, semantics and ontologies - focusing in particular on metadata enriching, linking and interoperability. National libraries and archives are devising new bibliographic models and metadata presentation formats. Bibliographic metadata sets are being made available using these new data formats such as RDF. The new formats are aiming to represent data in granular structures and define unique identification protocols such as URIs. The paper concludes by introducing the five papers included in the special issue. The papers in this special issue present novel approaches to metadata integration, interoperability frameworks, re-use of metadata ontologies and methods of metadata quality analysis.

✇ International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies

Extending the GLOBDEF framework with support for semantic enhancement of various data formats

Por Maria Nisheva-Pavlova — 9 de Julho de 2020, 04:20

Extending the GLOBDEF framework with support for semantic enhancement of various data formats
Maria Nisheva-Pavlova; Asen Alexandrov
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 158 - 168
Semantic enhancement links sections of data files with well-described concepts from some knowledge domain. This allows for further automated reasoning about that data and can be especially useful for extracting value from Big Data. Most of the available enhancement tools focus on specific enhancement needs and data types. In this paper we present our efforts to expand the GLOBDEF framework, introduced in an earlier work, which aims to find a way for processing of large amounts of data and enhancing the data automatically. The framework is designed to leverage a variety of external enhancement tools and has no limitations on the format of the enhanced data. We demonstrate how the framework behaves on a mixed data set of texts and images and explain how an image can be semantically enhanced with a simple automated combination of an object recogniser and a text-based automated enhancer.

✇ International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies

SWRL reasoning on ontology-based clinical dengue knowledge base

Por Runumi Devi — 20 de Junho de 2020, 04:20

SWRL reasoning on ontology-based clinical dengue knowledge base
Runumi Devi; Deepti Mehrotra; Hajer Baazaoui Zghal; Ghada Besbes
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 1 (2020) pp. 39 - 53
Dengue is a widespread mosquito-borne viral illness that may lead to death if not treated timely and properly. The aim of this study is to propose a semantic rule-based modelling and reasoning approach directed towards formalising dengue disease definition in conjunction with operational definitions (semantics) that support clinical and diagnostic reasoning. The operational definitions are incorporated using Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) as logical rules that enhance the expressive capability of the knowledge base. A dengue knowledge base has been designed which is extended with International Classification of Diseases (ICD) ontology for associating dengue fever with ICD code. The knowledge base created can be reasoned upon for diagnostic classification that can discover dengue symptoms and predict the possibility of patients to suffer from the disease apart from offering interoperability. 153 real patient cases are classified successfully against the operational definitions incorporated by SWRL rules.

✇ International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies

Layout logical labelling and finding the semantic relationships between citing and cited paper content

Por Sergey Parinov — 20 de Junho de 2020, 04:20

Layout logical labelling and finding the semantic relationships between citing and cited paper content
Sergey Parinov; Amir Bakarov; Daniil Vodolazcky
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 1 (2020) pp. 54 - 62
Currently, large data sets of in-text citations and citation contexts are becoming available for research and developing tools. Using the "topic model" method to analyse these data, one can characterise thematic relationships between citation contexts from citing and the cited paper content. However, to build relevant topic models and to compare them accurately for papers linked by citation relationships we have to know the semantic labels of PDF papers' layout such as section titles, paragraph boundaries, etc. Recent achievements in papers' conversion from a PDF form into a rich attributed JSON format allow us to develop new approaches for the logical labelling of the papers' layout. This paper presents a re-usable method and open source software for the logical labelling of PDF papers, which gave good quality of a layout element's recognition for a set of research papers. Using these semantic labels we made a precise comparison of topic models built for citing and cited papers and we found some level of similarity between them.

✇ International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies

Document-based RDF storage method for parallel evaluation of basic graph pattern queries

Por Eleftherios Kalogeros — 20 de Junho de 2020, 04:20

Document-based RDF storage method for parallel evaluation of basic graph pattern queries
Eleftherios Kalogeros; Manolis Gergatsoulis; Matthew Damigos
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 1 (2020) pp. 63 - 80
In this paper, we investigate the problem of efficiently evaluating (Basic Graph Pattern) BGP SPARQL queries over a large amount of RDF data. We propose an effective data model for storing RDF data in a document database using maximum replication factor of 2 (i.e., in the worst case scenario, the data graph will be doubled in storage size). The proposed storage model is utilised for efficiently evaluating SPARQL queries, in a distributed manner. Each query is decomposed into a set of generalised star queries, which are queries that allow both subject-object and object-subject edges from a specific node, called central node. The proposed data model ensures that no joining operations over multiple data sets are required to evaluate generalised star queries. The results of the evaluation of the generalised star sub-queries of a query Q are then combined properly, in order to compute the answers of the query Q posed over the RDF data. The proposed approach has been implemented using MongoDB and Apache Spark.

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