Login
This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between Internet use and personal privacy risk perceptions, the mediating effect of trust and the moderating effect of satisfaction on that relationship, which is exactly conducive to the practice of personal information protection.
A moderated mediation model will be employed to test the hypothesized relationships using the 2017 Chinese Society Survey data.
The authors find that Internet use positively relates to citizens' risk perceptions toward privacy security, and trust partially mediates the relationship between Internet use and privacy risk perception. In addition, the analysis of moderating effects showed that satisfaction with social life significantly enhances the negative impact on individuals' privacy risk perceptions of interpersonal trust. The positively moderating effect of satisfaction with local governments' work mainly reveals the relationship between interpersonal trust (or institutional trust) and citizens' privacy risk perception. Moreover, satisfaction with Internet platforms positively moderates the relationship between consumer trust and privacy risk perception.
This article contributes to the social risk amplification framework by applying it to the personal privacy information protection field, which was rarely discussed before. It also enriches privacy research by identifying the internal mechanism of how Internet use influences citizens' risk perceptions towards privacy information leakage.
This study examined how likeminded Facebook comments with incivility and without supporting evidence influence readers' evaluations of the commenter and online political participation intention. This study also investigated whether the indirect effect of exposure to uncivil comments and comments without evidence on online political participation through evaluations of the commenters is contingent on the strength of partisanship.
The study used a 2 (uncivil comments vs civil comments) × 2 (comments without supporting evidence vs comments with supporting evidence) factorial design with a scenario about reading similar viewpoints about the gun control issue in Facebook comments.
The results showed that compared to exposure to civil agreeing comments, exposure to uncivil likeminded comments resulted in higher levels of negative evaluations of the commenters, which in turn decreased willingness to participate in political activities online. Exposure to comments without evidence led to more negative evaluations of the commenters, but it did not significantly influence online political participation. In addition, the strength of partisanship did not significantly moderate the indirect effect of exposure to uncivil comments and comments without evidence on online political participation through evaluations of the commenters.
Although previous studies have demonstrated the significant effects of incivility and reasoned argument, little is known about whether and how people evaluate ingroup members' comments that are uncivil and lacking reasoned arguments. Most of these studies have examined incivility in political contexts, but few have extended the context to the effect of likeminded comments, especially when the comments are uncivil and lack supporting evidence. The current study aims to fill this gap in the literature.
El pasado 6 de octubre de 2023 se celebró la I Jornada CUVICOM en la Facultad de Información y Medios Audiovisuales (FIMA) de la Universidad de Barcelona, que fue retransmitida a través del canal de YouTube de dicha Facultad.
La Jornada forma parte de las actividades de difusión de resultados de investigación del proyecto CUVICOM, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España (PID2021-123579OB-I00), y coordinado por los investigadores de la Universidad de Barcelona, Javier Guallar y Mari Vállez.
El proyecto tiene cuatro líneas de investigación: curación de contenidos, visualización de información, visibilidad web y una línea transversal de monitorización de tendencias en comunicación digital.
En la jornada se pudieron ver ponencias de cada una de estas líneas de trabajo, realizadas tanto de forma presencial en la sala como online vía Zoom.
Tras una breve presentación de la jornada a cargo del IP del proyecto Javier Guallar, la primera mesa estuvo dedicada a la línea de investigación de Visibilidad Web, con la ponencia Google y la comunicación digital: Google News, Google Discover y Google Patents, a cargo de los investigadores Carlos Lopezosa, Cristina I. Font-Julian y Mari Vállez. En ella Vállez presentó y moderó la sesión, Lopezosa habló de Google News y Google Discover, y Font-Julian, de Google Patents. Se señaló que es sostenible desde el punto de vista de los medios trabajar con varias plataformas de Google, porque son herramientas complementarias, si bien, a la pregunta del público sobre cuál de los dos agregadores de noticias de Google (News o Discover) es en estos momentos el más útil para una empresa periodística, Lopezosa respondió que, sin ninguna duda, Discover, que representa el core de las estrategias de los medios.
Carlos Lopezosa y Mari Vállez
A continuación fue el turno de la línea de Visualización, con la ponencia Evaluación de la calidad de la visualización de información en noticias y reportajes de datos, a cargo de los investigadores Alejandro Morales, Mònica Bautista, Mario Pérez-Montoro y Rafael Pedraza-Jiménez. Esta sesión fue presentada y moderada por Pedraza-Jiménez, y expuesta en su mayor parte por Morales de manera online desde Chile. Se presentaron los trabajos del grupo en la línea de crear un protocolo o sistema de evaluación de la calidad en la visualización de informaciones. Como señaló Pedraza-Jiménez, “el objetivo es crear un instrumento que nos permita analizar y estudiar en profundidad las visualizaciones de información publicadas en medios de comunicación y contribuir a su mejora”.
Rafael Pedraza modera la presentación de Alejandro Morales online desde Chile.
En tercer lugar, intervinieron los ponentes de la línea de Curación de contenidos. La ponencia tuvo por título Curación en newsletters periodísticas y en redes sociales de centros de música y revistas científicas y fue llevada a cabo por los investigadores Pere Franch, Montserrat Urpí, Jesús Cascon-Katchadourian y Javier Guallar. La sesión fue introducida por Guallar, que expuso la metodología que utiliza el grupo, denominada CAS (Curation Analysis System), y a continuación Franch mostró resultados preliminares de un estudio en marcha con dicho método CAS acerca de la curación en las newsletters de The New York Times, y Urpí y Cascon-Katchadourian, hicieron lo mismo respecto a la curación de contenidos en las redes sociales de conservatorios de música españoles y de revistas LIS de Iberoamérica, respectivamente. Se mostraron asimismo diversos ejemplos de buenas prácticas en curación.
(de izquierda a derecha) Javier Guallar, Pere Franch, Montserrat Urpí y Jesús Cascon-Katchadourian
La última mesa de la jornada estuvo dedicada a la línea Transversal del proyecto. Presentada y moderada por Lluís Codina, en la sesión intervinieron Llúcia Castells-Fos, con la ponencia Proyecto MAREA: Modelos de activación de la relevancia y el engagement de audiencias en medios de comunicación y Elena Pastor, que anunció y presentó su tesis doctoral sobre comunicación académica. Castells-Fos señaló que el objetivo de MAREA es proponer un modelo de evaluación del nivel de activación de la reputación, la visibilidad y la fidelización de audiencias para medios de comunicación. Sobre estos temas los investigadores de esta línea han publicado recientemente tres artículos en Journalism Practice, Doxa y en Estudios sobre el mensaje periodístico.
Llúcia Castells-Fos y Lluís Codina
Cerró la jornada la co-IP del proyecto Mari Vállez, remitiendo a próximas jornadas.
Las personas interesadas en estos temas pueden acceder a los resultados ya publicados de las investigaciones del proyecto en Publicaciones CUVICOM. Más información en el sitio web CUVICOM, y en X, @cuvicom.
Javier Guallar
https://www.directorioexit.info/ficha195
Universidad de Barcelona
jguallar@ub.edu
This study aims to explore the information needs of Chinese parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and how these needs evolve as their children develop.
This study collated 17,122 questions regarding raising children with ASD via the Yi Lin website until November 2021.
The information needs of parents of children with ASD were classified into two categories: 1) Cognition-motivation: related to children with ASD; and 2) Affection-motivation: related to their parents. Child development causes the adaptation of information needs of these parents. Within the first three years, nine different topics of these parents' information needs were identified. Major information needs at this stage are as follows: intervention content, intervention methods and pre-diagnosis questions. During the ages of three to six years, there were 13 topics of information needs for parents, focusing on three areas: intervention content, intervention methods and diagnosis and examination. There are eight topics of information needs post six years. Parents are more concerned with the three topics of intervention content, life planning and intervention methods.
This novel study indicates the complex and changing information needs of parents of children with ASD in China. It may enhance the understanding of the information needs of these parents at theoretical and practical levels, provide support for them to understand their own information needs and provide a reference for relevant government and social organisations to provide targeted information services for them.
The peer review history for this article is available at:
The insidious proliferation of online misinformation represents a significant societal problem. With a wealth of research dedicated to the topic, it is still unclear what determines fake news sharing. This paper comparatively examines fake and accurate news sharing in a novel experimental setting that manipulates news about terrorism.
The authors follow an extended version of the uses-and-gratification framework for news sharing, complemented by variables commonly employed in fake news rebuttal studies.
Logistic regression and classification trees revealed worry about the topic, media literacy, information-seeking and conservatism as significant predictors of willingness to share news online. No significant association was found for general analytical thinking, journalism skepticism, conspiracy ideation, uses-and-gratification motives or pass-time coping strategies.
The current results broaden and expand the literature examining beliefs in and sharing of misinformation, highlighting the role of media literacy in protecting the public against the spread of fake news.
This is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first study to integrate a breadth of theoretically and empirically driven predictors of fake news sharing within a single experimental framework.
The peer review history for this article is available at:
During COVID-19 restrictions, people spent more time in cyberspace and consuming health-related information. An increase was also observed in mediated caring messages or health-relevant information sent to one another. This study aims to explore how the information and interactions around COVID-19 can provide a good learning opportunity for public health, specifically related to eHealth literacy and eHealth promotion.
While mainstream literature has concentrated on experimental designs and a priming effect, this study inspects psychological distance related to a health threat under real-life circumstances. The article adopted a survey approach and utilized PLS-SEM techniques to examine the proposed hypotheses.
Results indicated that whereas closer social support correlates with closer psychological distance and less usage of the social media approach, more substantial COVID-19 impacts were associated with closer psychological distance but greater use of social media. Since both closer psychological distance and social media approach contribute to eHealth literacy, social support from closer and virtual social networks should be embraced but utilized through different routes and for different purposes. The timing of messages but not psychological distance affects people's social media approach, indicating that morning messages should be employed. Moreover, eHealth literacy mediates timing preferences and leads to a preference for eHealth communication earlier in the day. Overall, morning messages create a virtuous circle during a health crisis.
This paper establishes a mechanism of virtuous cycles for eHealth communication during a health threat. Additionally, it bridges existing research gaps by expanding chronopsychology and CLT in the health domain using an empirical approach, a real-life case and an extension of performance regarding information-seeking and utilization.
The purpose of this study is to compare the communication practices of Chinese and US companies on YouTube and explores the effectiveness of different communication strategies at the topic level.
The author selected 22 Chinese companies and 22 US firms and compared the content of their English language corporate YouTube channels through content analysis, sentiment analysis and cluster analysis.
The results revealed that the three communication strategies (information, response and involvement) in general were not significantly different regarding their engagement rates, but they generated different comment scores when communicating topics of corporate social responsibility. The results also showed that Chinese companies were more likely than American firms to display the speeches of corporate leaders, use collectivistic references and present human interest messages in YouTube videos.
This study sheds light on how national institutional environment shapes corporate communication on YouTube.
This study challenges the infatuation with the involvement strategy and offers some advice for practitioners on topic selection and user comment function management.
This study makes a novel contribution to the literature of corporate communication on YouTube by adopting a cross-national comparative approach. A conceptual framework of major factors influencing stakeholder responses on YouTube was presented.
The peer review history for this article is available at:
With the aid of libraries, the research paper aims to assist businesses in swiftly and accurately acquiring knowledge and insights from scholarly literature to guide their inventive and decision-making processes. The foundation for achieving the goal is Connected Papers technology.
The author's professional expertise in performing literature reviews using connected papers technology as well as using other ways, and corresponding with entrepreneurs and librarians impacted the article's research methodology.
The use of Connected Papers technology in the library context for helping entrepreneurs is discussed. Libraries and entrepreneurs could benefit from using Connected Papers technology to quickly compile pertinent data from scholarly literature to solve business challenges. According to the paper, adopting this technology can speed up information gathering and drastically reduce the time needed for business owners to search through bibliographic data-bases. Using this technology can help entrepreneurs at various phases of their entrepreneurial journeys and give libraries a productive way to assist business owners with their information needs.
This paper's novelty comes from its examination of the usage of connectedpapers.com technology to compile data from scholarly literature to assist entrepreneurs in solving their business problems. The useful piece of advice this paper offers entrepreneurs and librarians is what makes it valuable. By using connectedpapers.com technology, businesses may be able to get critical information from scholarly literature to foster a series of experimentation quickly and effectively. Also, librarians can help their patrons with systematic re-views and other research services by using this application.
Aiming to explore how audience consume and produce media events in the digital, distributed and social era we live in, the paper analyzes the viewing patterns of video news items during a media event (the week of Donald Trump's presidential visit to Israel, the first to a country outside the US), compared to a parallel comparable “ordinary” period (two weeks later, in which no inordinacy events occurred). The comparison focused on simultaneous activities of audiences engaged with the event, with either related (i.e. second screening) or unrelated (i.e. media multitasking).
The research is a diary study based on a dedicated mobile app in which respondents reported their news-related behavior during two periods: a media event period and comparable “ordinary” period.
Participants reported watching significantly more news video items in the first day of the media event week compared to the first day of the “ordinary” week. More than half of the viewing reports of the media event were not on TV. In the media event week, there were significantly higher percentages of viewing reports on smartphones/computers and significantly higher percentages of second-screening reports.
This is the first study that empirically explores the viewing patterns of video news items during a media event, compared to an “ordinary” period, focusing on media second screening of audiences engaged with the event. This comparison may reveal whether (1) media events still retain their centrality in a multi-screen era and (2) the role of the internet and online social media in the experience of media events.
Despite the growing concern about security breaches and risks emerging from Shadow IT usage, a type of information security violation committed by organizational insiders, this phenomenon has received little scholarly attention. By integrating the dual-factor theory, unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and social control theory, this research aims to examine facilitating and deterring factors of Shadow IT usage intention.
An online survey was performed to obtain data. As this study aims at investigating the behavior of organizational insiders, LinkedIn, an employment-oriented network site, was chosen as the main site to reach the potential respondents.
The results show that while performance expectancy, effort expectancy and subjective norms considerably impact intention to use Shadow IT, personal norms and sanctions-related factors exert no influence. Besides, an organizational factor of ethical work climate is found to significantly increase individual perceptions of informal controls and formal controls.
This work is the first attempt to extend the generalizability of the dual-factor theory and UTAUT model, which primarily has been utilized in the context of system usage, to the new context of information security. This study is also one of few studies that simultaneously take both organizational and individual factors into consideration and identify its impacts on user's behaviors in the information security context.
Digital technologies (DTs) are key and essential in firms and communities. Countries in low-income areas, such as Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) contexts, struggle with digital development. To understand how firms in BOP countries access DTs, a qualitative study was conducted to provide insight into how firms in these contexts access DTs and the challenges they face while accessing these technologies.
An in-depth qualitative study was done, which included semi-structured interviews with digital enterprises. In total, 12 chief executive officers (CEOs) and owners of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) from Ghana and Nigeria were interviewed. NVivo 12 Pro was used for thematic analysis.
Four main findings were identified as follows: (1) how firms in BOP contexts access DTs, (2) the challenges in accessing DTs, (3) factors considered when selecting a technological provider in BOP contexts and (4) solutions and recommendations to the challenges identified. From the results, cost, low technological infrastructure, high transaction costs, regulatory issues, lack of trust, poor digital skills and lack of support were among the barriers to accessing DTs in BOP contexts.
Governments and stakeholders of firms in BOP contexts need to be intentional with their digitalization development to ensure digital inclusion.
The study developed a synopsis of the factors involved in accessing DTs in BOP contexts and is the first to conceptualize firm digital access in BOP contexts.
The peer review history for this article is available at:
This survey-based study aims to explore the research data dissemination and requesting practices of Arab researchers. It investigates the reasons, types, methods, barriers and motivations associated with data sharing and requesting in the Arab research community.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 205 Arab researchers representing various disciplines and career stages. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.
The study found that 91.2% of Arab researchers share data, while 56.6% access data from others. Reasons for sharing include promoting transparency and collaboration while requesting data is driven by the need to validate findings and explore new research questions. Processed/analysed data and survey/questionnaire data are the most commonly shared and requested types.
This study contributes to the literature by examining data sharing and requesting practices in the Arab research community. It provides original insights into the motivations, barriers and data types shared and requested by Arab researchers. This can inform future research and initiatives to promote regional data sharing.
The peer review history for this article is available at:
This paper aims to uncover characteristics of physical spaces that evoke feelings of welcome and belonging in a diverse student population in an academic library.
The photovoice method was used to allow research participants an active role in shaping research questions and collecting and analyzing data.
The research reveals that space design significantly influences students' feelings of physical safety, emotional well-being and safety and ownership (or sense of belonging) in academic library spaces, thereby emphasizing the importance of considering space design in promoting student well-being and inclusiveness.
This research used photovoice methodology to engage underrepresented student communities in providing input into the design of library spaces.
Despite the ever-increasing importance of cultivating information, communication and technology literacy skills among college students, they have yet to be related to comprehensive measuring instruments. A glance at the empirical literature reveals that most pertinent scales have been confined to measuring Internet literacy skills, whereas educators in the 21st century advocate an inclusive conceptualization of ICT literacy. Such a comprehensive conceptualization embodies technical, critical, cognitive and emotional competencies. Additionally, more empirical evidence is needed to indicate gaps in testing measurement invariance of ICT literacy scales across genders or cultures. To that end, the current study aims to adapt and cross-validate an ICT literacy self-efficacy scale across gender by testing the measurement invariance using a multiple-sampling confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA). Furthermore, the current study aims to verify the ICT literacy self-efficacy scale's psychometric properties to establish its construct validity and understand the scale's underlying factorial structure.
The current study has administered the scale to a cross-sectional sample of 3560 undergraduate students enrolled in six universities in the Sultanate of Oman.
The results have revealed that the ICT literacy self-efficacy exhibits satisfactory indices of construct validity. On the other hand, the results of MCFA demonstrate that the differences in the goodness of fit indices between the nested models and the baseline model were below the cut-off criterion of 0.01, indicating invariance. Therefore, the scale has proved to be amenable for comparing genders on their ICT literacy self-efficacy using an one-way multivariate analysis of variance.
The study has several implications for research and pedagogical practices. The study provides empirical evidence for establishing ICT literacy self-efficacy as a distinct high-domain construct of task-specific self-efficacy beliefs.
As part of the EFOP-3.3.3-VEKOP-16–2016-00001 “Museum and Library Development for All” project, a national representative digital literacy survey was conducted in Hungary's public libraries at the end of 2019. The aim of the present study is to provide a deeper analysis of the data collected during the survey to answer the question of the role of gender and age in the development of digital skills amongst librarians working in public libraries. This study was designed to answer the following four research questions: Are there levels of proficiency defined by DigComp 2.1 that are more specific to men or more specific to women? Are there areas of competence and competences that are clearly perceived as stronger or weaker for men or women? Are there areas of competence that are clearly influenced by age and others that are not or only moderately influenced by age? Which competences are clearly age-related, and which are not or only slightly affected by age?
The main target group of the study were library professionals working in county libraries. The survey, based on the DigComp 2.1 (Gomez
Of the five competency areas assessed by the DigComp framework, librarians were found to be most competent in information and data literacy, and least competent in content development, according to the proportion of those with basic skills. 32 percent of women and 22 percent of men working in libraries rated their digital skills as basic, and both groups were weak or less weak in the same skills, with a few exceptions. At the intermediate level, there is a predominance of women. In the information and communication competency areas and in the content development and integrating and re-elaborating digital content in the content creation area, a high proportion of women consider their digital skills to be medium. Relatively few men rate their own competence in these areas as average. They are most likely to have advanced and highly specialised skills. The advanced level in DigComp2.1 implies, in addition to strong digital skills, the willingness and ability to help others, while the highly specialised level requires innovative and creative use of digital technology and knowledge transfer. These top two skill levels are more common amongst men. 34 per cent of men and 27 per cent of women have advanced skills, while 13 per cent of men and 6 per cent of women have highly specialised’s level. The age of librarians has only a minimal influence in certain areas of competence and for certain competences. Skills in the information and data literacy competency area are less age sensitive. For the data management competency, which requires more technological skills, a stronger correlation between age and skill levels is observed, especially for basic and highly specialised skills. In the communication competence area, the youngest age group of librarians has the highest percentage of advanced and the lowest percentage of basic level. The proportion of advanced learners decreases steadily as age groups progress and the proportion of basic learners increases at a similar steady rate. The effect of age on the content creation is much more modest than expected. Age clearly has an impact on the safety competence area. As age increases, the proportion of those at advanced level decreases and the proportion at basic level increases. Age also has a significant effect on the problem-solving competence area. One in two librarians in the 50 and 60s have only basic level skills, compared to one in four in the youngest age group and one in three in the 40s.
Using the DigComp 2.1 framework, a digital competence survey of a whole professional group of library professionals working in public libraries in Hungary was carried out. The study provides new insights into the impact of gender and age as variables on digital competence.
This study proposes a framework for performance measurement of library consortia services by implementing the indicators listed in ISO 11620. The framework is validated by using real data from HEAL-Link, the national consortium of Greek academic and research libraries to calculate the indicators.
The paper reports on the related work regarding the services consortia offer to their members and the known methods and tools for assessing consortia services; the HEAL-Link case study, the aggregation and handling of data, is presented; ISO 11620 performance indicators for HEAL-Link services are calculated, and the results are discussed in terms of what was learnt- about the consortium, about measuring consortia services performance, and about the standard.
ISO 11620 could be used to measure performance for assessing consortia services. The performance indicators’ results reflect the two major events (mergers and COVID pandemic) that took place during the time of the study. ISO 11620 offers a basic insight that could be well complemented with other tools and standards.
The current study suggests that a widely accepted, easily applied, benchmarking ISO standard could be used to measure common consortia services’ performance, thus contributing to consortia assessment.
Gráfico 1. Evolución del número de documentos de Comunicación: total del mundo y con al menos un autor español.
Fuente: SCImago Journal & Country Rank
España va aumentando su cuota mundial de publicación de documentos de Comunicación (gráfico 2).
Gráfico 2. Porcentaje de artículos con al menos un autor español sobre el total mundial indexado en Scopus.
Fuente: SCImago Journal & Country Rank
Gráfico 3. Evolución del número de revistas españolas indexadas en Scopus
Fuente: SCImago Journal & Country Rank
La primera revista española de Comunicación indexada en Scopus fue “Profesional de la información” en 2006, a la que siguió “Comunicar” en 2008. “Communication and Society”, “Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico”, “Historia y Comunicación Social” y “Signa” ingresaron en 2010.
En 2022 en Scopus hay 32 revistas españolas de Comunicación.
Este mismo año 2022, en la Web of Science hay 26 revistas españolas de Comunicación: 2 en Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) y 24 en Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI).
Gráfico 4. Evolución del número de documentos con al menos un autor español publicados en revistas españolas y en revistas extranjeras.
Fuente: SCImago Journal & Country Rank
A medida que ha ido aumentando el número de revistas españolas indexadas en Scopus los investigadores españoles han ido prefiriendo publicar en ellas, aunque parece que en 2021 y 2022 se ha producido un cambio de tendencia (gráfico 4).
Gráfico 5. Evolución de la posición de España en el ranking de países según el indicador citas por documento, base de datos Scopus.
Fuente: SCImago Journal & Country Rank
Si en los gráficos anteriores se ha visto que la producción de España en Comunicación aumenta, en cambio la calidad medida por el número de citas recibidas empeora (gráfico 5). En el año 2000 España ocupaba la posición 26ª (con 22,1 citas/documento) pero en 2022 ha bajado a la 74ª con 0,5 citas/documento. De todas maneras, estos datos y este gráfico 5 no son tan negativos como parece a primera vista. Por un lado el número de citas/doc. de los años recientes aumentará, pues no ha transcurrido suficiente tiempo para que los artículos reciban todas las citas (aunque esto es así para todos los países). Por otro hay que tener en cuenta que el número de países con alguna publicación de Comunicación indexada en Scopus ha pasado de 65 en 2000 a 148 en 2022, por lo que España ha estado siempre más o menos por la mitad del ranking de países en citas/documento.
Para medir la calidad de los documentos producidos por autores españoles es mejor observar el índice h nacional.
En el período 1996-2022 España ha publicado en revistas Scopus 98 documentos de Comunicación que han recibido 98 citas o más (figura 1).
Los 98 artículos constituyen el núcleo (h-core). Dividiendo 98 por por el total de 12445 artículos de autores españoles indexados en Scopus:
98/12445 = 0,0079
Es decir, el h-núcleo representa sólo el 0,79% del total. Esto significa que existe una larga cola de documentos que reciben muy pocas o ninguna cita (gráfico 6).
Figura 1. Ranking de países ordenados por su índice h en Comunicación. España, que es el tercer país en producción, es el 7º país en índice h, con h=98.
Fuente: SCImago Journal & Country Rank
Gráfico 6. Exponencial decreciente representando el cálculo del índice h.
Nota
Si en SCImago Journal & Country Rank se quiere conocer el total de documentos de Comunicación indexados en Scopus hay que sumar la columna “Total docs.” en el ranking de revistas. En 2022:
https://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php?area=3300&category=3315&year=2022
Hay que tener en cuenta que en el ranking de países, en las cantidades que aparecen en la columna Documents (número de documentos de cada país) puede haber duplicados triplicados, etc., pues un documento puede figurar contabilizado en varios países según las nacionalidades de sus autores. En 2022:
https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?category=3315&area=3300&year=2022
Tomàs Baiget
baiget@gmail.com
https://www.directorioexit.info/ficha46
https://library.educause.edu/-/media/files/library/2023/9/2023hrholisticstudentexperience.pdf
Un nuevo informe de la Media Reform Coalition destaca los peligrosos niveles de concentración de la propiedad en la prensa nacional y local, radio y televisión, servicios de streaming y plataformas online del Reino Unido.
Sólo tres empresas: DMG Media (editores del Daily Mail, Metro e i), News UK (The Sun y The Times) y Reach (Daily Mirror, Daily Express, Daily Star) dominan el 90% de la circulación de periódicos nacionales, lo que les proporciona una posición inigualable para establecer la agenda pública.
El 71% de los 1.189 periódicos locales del Reino Unido (incluidos los impresos y los sólo online) son propiedad de sólo seis empresas.
El periodismo local está en peligro, ya que décadas de recortes, cierres y consolidaciones corporativas han dejado al sector más concentrado y menos arraigado localmente que nunca.
El informe también demuestra el papel dominante que desempeña un puñado de empresas tecnológicas: 10 de las 15 principales plataformas online utilizadas para acceder a noticias en el Reino Unido son propiedad de Meta (Facebook, Instagram y WhatsApp), Alphabet (Google) y X Corp (X/Twitter).
Meta y Google controlan alrededor de 4/5 de todo el gasto en publicidad online, lo que otorga a estos dos gigantes tecnológicos un poder incomparable sobre cómo se encuentran y financian las noticias. Peor aún, estas plataformas no han ayudado a diversificar la oferta de noticias online, sino que están afianzando el alcance y la influencia de los mismos periódicos y emisoras que dominan el mercado de medios tradicionales.
La radiodifusión del Reino Unido se enfrenta a niveles igualmente peligrosos de concentración corporativa, reducción de costos y compromisos laxos con los estándares regulatorios. Netflix, Amazon Prime y Disney+ representan el 80% de todas las suscripciones de vídeo a la carta en el Reino Unido. Si bien Sky TV todavía domina el mercado de la televisión de pago con 9,1 millones de clientes, el doble de hogares se suscriben a al menos un servicio de streaming, y Netflix representa casi 2/5 de todas las suscripciones.
Aunque la BBC sigue siendo el actor dominante en la televisión y la radio, su misión fundacional de servicio público se ha visto aún más socavada por la congelación de las tarifas de licencia, la interferencia política y una estrategia cuestionable para financiar su futuro digital. La Corporación ha realizado recortes enormemente perjudiciales en su muy valorada producción de radio local y regional, y a medida que la confianza del público en la BBC cae en picado, los nuevos canales de opinión GB News y TalkTV se aprovechan de la tibieza de la agencia del Gobierno Ofcom (Office of Communications) en regular los estándares básicos de precisión, imparcialidad y presentación de informes de interés público.
“Unos medios de comunicación libres, independientes y plurales son esenciales para el funcionamiento de una democracia sana. Sin embargo, estos hallazgos muestran que los medios de comunicación del Reino Unido están dominados por un pequeño puñado de magnates de los medios corporativos y de las grandes tecnológicas. En nuestros periódicos, canales de televisión, estaciones de radio y plataformas online, estas empresas tienen un nivel peligroso de poder para dictar nuestra conversación nacional e influir en la agenda política para favorecer sus propios intereses”.
El informe termina: “Necesitamos una reforma urgente para poner fin a décadas de regulación fallida e inacción política sobre la propiedad concentrada de los medios. Ofcom, el Parlamento y el gobierno deben actuar para desmantelar las empresas de medios dominantes, regular las empresas de tecnología que se benefician de las audiencias del Reino Unido y crear nuevos modelos de propiedad y financiación para apoyar el periodismo independiente de interés público”.
Bajar el informe “Who owns the UK media”:
https://www.mediareform.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MRC-Who-Owns-The-UK-Media-2023-V3.3.pdf
Resumen de Tomàs Baiget
https://www.directorioexit.info/ficha46
Foto: Felicia Buitenwerf, Unsplash.
https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1546430240-ebde16ff8527
En un estudio publicado en la revista EPI, Beatriz Gutiérrez-Caneda, Jorge Vázquez-Herrero y Xosé López-García llegan a la conclusión de que la IA reduce el tiempo de producción, redacción, gestión y difusión de contenidos periodísticos, lo que puede derivar en una disminución de carga de trabajo para los periodistas.
El cambio en las rutinas puede llevar a un cambio en los perfiles profesionales requeridos.
Los resultados no parecen señalar, por lo menos no de forma inminente, la desaparición de puestos de trabajo por la incorporación de IA a las redacciones.
Sin embargo, aunque se percibe esta perspectiva optimista, ya existen medios de comunicación que no cuentan con un solo periodista en su plantilla, los denominados “medios sintéticos”, que dependen exclusivamente de la IA.
ChatGPT presenta también numerosas limitaciones, siendo la más grave que no siempre ofrece información veraz; […] o inventa la información de la que no dispone, sin advertir al usuario. Esto hace que el periodista pueda llegar a publicar información inexacta o incluso falsa, si no es un experto en el tema.
Probablemente se mantendrá la preponderancia de los contenidos e ideas más repetidos sobre los menos comunes, lo que lleva a una situación similar a la llamada “tiranía de la mayoría”. La información que proporciona ChatGPT se basa frecuentemente en el número de veces que encuentra los datos y no tanto en su calidad. Es decir, prima lo cuantitativo a lo cualitativo. Esto puede hacer que perpetúe cierto tipo de visiones sesgadas y más tradicionales.
Leer el artículo:
Gutiérrez-Caneda, Beatriz; Vázquez-Herrero, Jorge; López-García, Xosé (2023). “AI application in journalism: ChatGPT and the uses and risks of an emergent technology”. Profesional de la información, v. 32, n. 5, e320514.
https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.sep.14
Tomàs Baiget
https://www.directorioexit.info/ficha46
Foto: Doug Smith, CEO de Table Stakes, y consultor de WAN/IFRA (World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers)
https://www.tablestakes-europe.org/our-team
“La lección más importante de todo el trabajo que nuestros colegas y yo hemos realizado durante más de 15 años –principalmente en Estados Unidos y Europa, pero en realidad con organizaciones de noticias en todo el mundo– es que el buen periodismo es la clave para una buena economía de las organizaciones periodísticas”, dice Smith.
Pero el buen periodismo hoy requiere una estrategia diferente y mejor definida que la adoptada por las organizaciones de noticias hace aproximadamente una década.
“Tenemos que pasar de ofrecer contenido de noticias generales dirigidas al público en general a ofrecer contenido y experiencias específicas que sean cruciales para audiencias específicas”, plantea Smith.
“Básicamente, la sostenibilidad económica y la sostenibilidad periodística dependen de los hábitos de la audiencia. Si la gente no visita ni utiliza tu contenido como un hábito, no podrás sostenerte económicamente”.
Básicamente, “el buen periodismo y los buenos resultados financieros van de la mano, y esto se aplica independientemente del llamado modelo de negocio o de las fuentes de ingresos que uno tenga”.
Y la conclusión, enfatiza Smith, es que, si bien todas las demás funciones importan: “Hay que trabajar con la sala de redacción para tener éxito, pero ya no se trata de que el lado comercial sea el negocio: la sala de redacción es el negocio”.
Centrar la atención en el periodismo que crea hábito
Si bien las noticias de última hora tienen su propio mandato urgente, Smith advierte que cada historia debe tener una estrategia o enfoque de distribución para llegar a la audiencia donde y cuando está.
“Es necesario responder a las preguntas: ¿Quién es la audiencia? ¿Que es lo que les importa? ¿Cómo vas a entregarlo? ¿Se verán ellos mismos aquí? Y, sobre todo, ¿cómo lo vas a distribuir?”.
Smith dice que el periodismo de servicio es un ejemplo de cómo desarrollar hábitos en la audiencia: “Vivimos en un mundo bastante confuso y peligroso, y las personas que necesitan resolver problemas en sus vidas van a fuentes de respuestas sobre cómo resolver problemas. El periodismo de servicio realmente ayuda a las personas a resolver problemas en sus vidas y ayuda a desarrollar hábitos en la audiencia. Y cuando construyes un hábito a través de las audiencias y el servicio, ellos estarán ahí también para tus noticias de última hora o artículos de investigación…”
____
En un tweet, OpenAI ha anunciado que ChatGPT tiene acceso a internet y dispone ahora de datos para dar respuestas actualizadas.
Por otra parte, The New York Times informa que ha tenido acceso a una nueva versión de ChatGPT (al que irónicamente llama “asesino del trabajo de oficina, enemigo jurado de los profesores de secundaria y de los guionistas de Hollywood”) con nuevos poderes: ver, oír y hablar.
El bot pronto podrá responder a las imágenes. Se podrá subir una foto del contenido del frigorífico, por ejemplo, y recibir instrucciones sobre qué cocinar para la cena. Los usuarios también podrán conversar en voz alta con él, de la misma manera que hablarían con Siri o Alexa.
Tomàs Baiget
https://www.directorioexit.info/ficha46
Noticias em eLiteracias 