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Citation content/context data as a source for research cooperation analysis
Sergey Parinov; Victoria Antonova
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 149 - 157
Using citation relationships, one can build three groups of papers: (1) the papers of a selected author; (2) those papers cited by the author; (3) papers citing the author. Authors of papers from these three groups can be presented as a fragment of a research cooperation network, because they use/cite research outputs of each other. Their papers' full texts and especially the contexts of their in-text citations contain some information about the character of this research cooperation. We present a concept of research cooperation, based on publications and the current results of the Cirtec project for building the research cooperation characteristics. This work is based on the processing of citation content/context data. The results include an on-line service for authors to monitor the citation content data extractions and three types of built indicators/parameters: co-citation statistics, spatial distribution of citations over papers' body and topic models for citation contexts.
From the web of bibliographic data to the web of bibliographic meaning: structuring, interlinking and validating ontologies on the semantic web
Helena Simões PatrÃcio; Maria Inês Cordeiro; Pedro Nogueira Ramos
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 124 - 134
Bibliographic data sets have revealed good levels of technical interoperability observing the principles and good practices of linked data. However, they have a low level of quality from the semantic point of view, due to many factors: lack of a common conceptual framework for a diversity of standards often used together, reduced number of links between the ontologies underlying data sets, proliferation of heterogeneous vocabularies, underuse of semantic mechanisms in data structures, "ontology hijacking" (Feeney et al., 2018), point-to-point mappings, as well as limitations of semantic web languages for the requirements of bibliographic data interoperability. After reviewing such issues, a research direction is proposed to overcome the misalignments found by means of a reference model and a superontology, using Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) to solve current limitations of RDF languages.
Service traceability in SOA-based software systems: a traceability network add-in for BPAOntoSOA framework
Rana Yousef; Sarah Imtera
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 169 - 183
BPAOntoSOA is a generic framework that generates a service model from a given organisational business process architecture. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) traceability is essentially important to facilitate change management and support reusability of an SOA; it has a wide application in the development and maintenance process. Such a traceability network is not available for BPAOntoSOA framework. This paper introduces an ontology-based traceability network for BPAOntoSOA framework that semantically generates trace links between services and business process architectural elements in both forward and backward directions. The proposed traceability approach was evaluated using the postgraduate faculty information system case study in order to assess the framework behaviour in general. As a continued evaluation effort, a group of parameters have been selected to create an evaluation criterion, which was used to compare the BPAOntoSOA trace solution to one of the most related traceability frameworks, STraS traceability framework.
CMDIfication process for textbook resources
Francesca Fallucchi; Ernesto William De Luca
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 135 - 148
Interoperability between heterogeneous resources and services is the key to a correctly functioning digital infrastructure, which can provide shared resources at once. We analyse the establishment of a standardised common infrastructure covering metadata, content, and inferred knowledge to allow collaborative work between researchers in the humanities. In this paper, we discuss how to provide a CMDI (Component MetaData Infrastructure) profile for textbooks, in order to integrate it into the Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure (CLARIN) and thus to make the data available in an open way and according to the FAIR principles. We focus on the 'CMDIfication' process, which fulfils the needs of our related projects. We describe a process of building resources using CMDI description from Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) and Dublin Core (DC) metadata, testing it on the textbook resources of the Georg Eckert Institute (GEI).
Intermediary XML schemas: constraint, templating and interoperability in complex environments
Richard Gartner
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 88 - 97
This article introduces the methodology of intermediary schemas for complex metadata environments. Metadata in instances conforming to these is not generally intended for dissemination but must usually be transformed by XSLT transformations to generate instances conforming to the referent schemas to which they mediate. The methodology is designed to enhance the interoperability of complex metadata within XML architectures. This methodology incorporates three subsidiary methods: these are project-specific schemas which represent constrained mediators to over-complex or over-flexible referents (Method 1), templates or conceptual maps from which instances may be generated (Method 2) and serialised maps of instances conforming to their referent schemas (Method 3). The three methods are detailed and their applications to current research in digital ecosystems, archival description and digital asset management and preservation are examined. A possible synthesis of the three is also proposed in order to enable the methodology to operate within a single schema, the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS).
Unique challenges facing Linked Data implementation for National Educational Television
Chris Pierce
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 98 - 111
Implementing Linked Data involves a costly process of converting metadata into an exchange format substantially different from traditional library "records-based" exchange. To achieve full implementation, it is necessary to navigate a complex process of data modelling, crosswalking, and publishing. This paper documents the transition of a data set of National Educational Television (NET) collection records to a "data-based" exchange environment of Linked Data by discussing challenges faced during the conversion. These challenges include silos like the Library's media asset management system Merged Audio-Visual Information System (MAVIS), aligning PBCore with the bibliographic Linked Data model BIBFRAME, modelling differences in works between archival moving image cataloguing and other domains using Entertainment Identifier Registry IDs (EIDR IDs), and possible alignments with EBUCore (the European Broadcasting Union Linked Data model) to address gaps between PBCore and BIBFRAME.
Exploring the utility of metadata record graphs and network analysis for metadata quality evaluation and augmentation
Mark Edward Phillips; Oksana L. Zavalina; Hannah Tarver
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 112 - 123
Our study explores the possible uses and effectiveness of network analysis, including Metadata Record Graphs, for evaluating collections of metadata records at scale. We present the results of an experiment applying these methods to records in the University of North Texas (UNT) Digital Library and two sub-collections of different compositions: the UNT Scholarly Works collection, which functions as an institutional repository, and a collection of architectural slide images. The data includes count- and value-based statistics with network metrics for every Dublin Core element in each set. The study finds that network analysis provides useful information that supplements other metrics, for example by identifying records that are completely unconnected to other items through the subject, creator, or other field values. Additionally, network density may help managers identify collections or records that could benefit from enhancement. We also discuss the constraints of these metrics and suggest possible future applications.
The future of interlinked, interoperable and scalable metadata
Getaneh Alemu; Emmanouel Garoufallou
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 81 - 87
With the growing diversity of information resources the emphasis on data-centric applications such as big data, metadata, semantics and ontologies has become central. This editorial paper presents a summary of recent developments in metadata, semantics and ontologies - focusing in particular on metadata enriching, linking and interoperability. National libraries and archives are devising new bibliographic models and metadata presentation formats. Bibliographic metadata sets are being made available using these new data formats such as RDF. The new formats are aiming to represent data in granular structures and define unique identification protocols such as URIs. The paper concludes by introducing the five papers included in the special issue. The papers in this special issue present novel approaches to metadata integration, interoperability frameworks, re-use of metadata ontologies and methods of metadata quality analysis.
Extending the GLOBDEF framework with support for semantic enhancement of various data formats
Maria Nisheva-Pavlova; Asen Alexandrov
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2020) pp. 158 - 168
Semantic enhancement links sections of data files with well-described concepts from some knowledge domain. This allows for further automated reasoning about that data and can be especially useful for extracting value from Big Data. Most of the available enhancement tools focus on specific enhancement needs and data types. In this paper we present our efforts to expand the GLOBDEF framework, introduced in an earlier work, which aims to find a way for processing of large amounts of data and enhancing the data automatically. The framework is designed to leverage a variety of external enhancement tools and has no limitations on the format of the enhanced data. We demonstrate how the framework behaves on a mixed data set of texts and images and explain how an image can be semantically enhanced with a simple automated combination of an object recogniser and a text-based automated enhancer.
SWRL reasoning on ontology-based clinical dengue knowledge base
Runumi Devi; Deepti Mehrotra; Hajer Baazaoui Zghal; Ghada Besbes
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 1 (2020) pp. 39 - 53
Dengue is a widespread mosquito-borne viral illness that may lead to death if not treated timely and properly. The aim of this study is to propose a semantic rule-based modelling and reasoning approach directed towards formalising dengue disease definition in conjunction with operational definitions (semantics) that support clinical and diagnostic reasoning. The operational definitions are incorporated using Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) as logical rules that enhance the expressive capability of the knowledge base. A dengue knowledge base has been designed which is extended with International Classification of Diseases (ICD) ontology for associating dengue fever with ICD code. The knowledge base created can be reasoned upon for diagnostic classification that can discover dengue symptoms and predict the possibility of patients to suffer from the disease apart from offering interoperability. 153 real patient cases are classified successfully against the operational definitions incorporated by SWRL rules.
Layout logical labelling and finding the semantic relationships between citing and cited paper content
Sergey Parinov; Amir Bakarov; Daniil Vodolazcky
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 1 (2020) pp. 54 - 62
Currently, large data sets of in-text citations and citation contexts are becoming available for research and developing tools. Using the "topic model" method to analyse these data, one can characterise thematic relationships between citation contexts from citing and the cited paper content. However, to build relevant topic models and to compare them accurately for papers linked by citation relationships we have to know the semantic labels of PDF papers' layout such as section titles, paragraph boundaries, etc. Recent achievements in papers' conversion from a PDF form into a rich attributed JSON format allow us to develop new approaches for the logical labelling of the papers' layout. This paper presents a re-usable method and open source software for the logical labelling of PDF papers, which gave good quality of a layout element's recognition for a set of research papers. Using these semantic labels we made a precise comparison of topic models built for citing and cited papers and we found some level of similarity between them.
Document-based RDF storage method for parallel evaluation of basic graph pattern queries
Eleftherios Kalogeros; Manolis Gergatsoulis; Matthew Damigos
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 14, No. 1 (2020) pp. 63 - 80
In this paper, we investigate the problem of efficiently evaluating (Basic Graph Pattern) BGP SPARQL queries over a large amount of RDF data. We propose an effective data model for storing RDF data in a document database using maximum replication factor of 2 (i.e., in the worst case scenario, the data graph will be doubled in storage size). The proposed storage model is utilised for efficiently evaluating SPARQL queries, in a distributed manner. Each query is decomposed into a set of generalised star queries, which are queries that allow both subject-object and object-subject edges from a specific node, called central node. The proposed data model ensures that no joining operations over multiple data sets are required to evaluate generalised star queries. The results of the evaluation of the generalised star sub-queries of a query Q are then combined properly, in order to compute the answers of the query Q posed over the RDF data. The proposed approach has been implemented using MongoDB and Apache Spark.
This study is conducted over 12 colleges offering Diploma, U.G./P.G. Degree, M.Phil./Ph.D., during the academic year 2018-19. It aims to investigate preferences, perceptions and opinion of the students on the usage of print vs. e-resources. Data collected by means of online questionnaire from 1224 students. Majority of the students expressed their preference for both print and e-resources while they accepted the decreasing importance of print resources in libraries. Digital eye strain was the main problem faced by the user in accessing the e-resources.
This study investigates the awareness and use of online databases and e-journals by medical science students at the University of Lagos, Nigeria. The study adopted survey design and questionnaire was used as tool for data gathering. The study population was comprised of two-hundred (200) undergraduate medical students who were purposely chosen as sample of the study. The data collected were analyzed using frequency distribution, simple percentages, and charts. The findings show that the students were largely aware of the availability of online databases and e-journals which were mostly used for the purpose of study and research work. The study also revealed that majority of the respondents were using PUBMED more than other available e-journal resources. It is interesting to also note that majority of the respondent indicated a fairly high level of familiarity with search options for accessing online database and e-journals.
The researcher in this paper surveyed the patrons of the university libraries of Delhi and NCR to find out varied web-enabled information services provided by the university libraries, their effectiveness and satisfaction level of patrons of these services. The scope of the study is limited to state universities of Delhi & NCR. National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) 2017 was used to limit the scope. There was only one state university in the top hundred universities in NIRF 2017, which was Guru Govind Singh Indra Prastha University (GGSIP), Delhi. Content analysis of websites and interview of the librarian was used to find out the web-enabled information services provided by the university under study. Review of literature helped in creating tools for the collection of data. Google spreadsheet was used for statistical analysis. The findings revealed that GGSIP is providing many web-enabled information services. Only (71.6%) patrons are aware of them and being used by (57.3%) of their patrons while the rest of them are not using them. Out of these (57.3%) patrons, (89.52%) are satisfied and only (10.48%) are dissatisfied with the services. (74.2%) patrons find these services effective in accessing relevant information. It may be interpreted that quality web-enabled information services are being facilitated by the GGSIP university library but are not well promoted. The library professionals need to make more efforts to market or promote the library resources and services by using varied web 2.0 tools and technologies.
The purpose of this study is to examine the research scholars’ perception and attitude towards plagiarism. The research methodology of this study is survey method was conducted using a well-structured questionnaire. The findings of the study shows that 40 (66.66%) respondents are aware of the plagiarism during course work, 35(58.34%) of respondents were aware of their institution’s policies on plagiarism, 48(80.00%) of respondents are agreed on the opinion that paraphrasing the ideas of others without documentation. 37(61.66%) of respondents are facing the problems of lack of language skills, 18(30.00%) respondents are facing the problem of lack of writing skills, The study recommended that The Universities and libraries can organize various orientation programmes, workshops,ect ,for research scholars as well as for other graduate and post graduate students in order to increase their plagiarism awareness.
This study investigated awareness of Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) among students of Kwara State University (KWASU), Malete. The objectives of the study were o: (i) ascertain Kwasu student’s level of awareness of the availability of OPAC;and (ii) ascertain the medium through which students get to be aware of OPAC. The descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consists of 11,855 undergraduate students of Kwara State University. Sample size of 378 were drawn from the population using a multi-stage sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection and the data were analyzed using simple percentage and frequency count. The findings of the study revealed that there is a high level of OPAC awareness among Kwara State University undergraduate Students. The study further revealed that KWASU students get to be aware of OPAC through their colleagues and through the use of library course offered as a general course in the university. The study recommended that Kwasu library should organize a formal orientation programme for the users which will capture the key awareness to be noted about the library OPAC and also the use of university bulletin in creating key awareness on OPAC. Lecturers in the institution should also complement the library effort by encouraging students to use the OPAC.
The basic aim of this study was to assess the availability of e-theses across libraries of north Indian agricultural libraries and also to explore what measures these libraries have taken for ensuring sustainable management (preservation, storage, retrieval and delivery) of their scholarly output. A survey was made during 2015 while using questionnaire as a data collection tool. The investigator also interacted with the librarians through telephone and e-mail correspondence. Websites of select universities were also surveyed to cross check the availability and operability of ETDs and IRs. None of the agricultural libraries of northern India are seen to subscribe to any e-theses collection of International coverage (foreign) and all seem to rely on ‘KrishiKosh’, the free of cost Indian Agricultural Doctoral Dissertations Repository. It has been found that only SKUAST-K and CSKHPKV have taken an initiative to ensure sustainable management of their scholarly output by developing their institutional repositories. However, most of them think that KrishiKosh is a substitute to an institutional repository. Only seven agricultural libraries of northern India have been taken as a sample, the census could have been a better choice. Moreover, the work is confined to domain of agriculture only; similar studies need to be conducted in other parts of India and also across libraries of other domains of knowledge. This is first work of its nature in northern India with domain as agricultural libraries. The findings will act as a stimulant for the librarians and the planners of the country towards reformulation of their policies for prioritizing the development of e-theses collections and lay more emphasis on sustainable management of scholarly output at local and national level.
This study attempt to investigate the extent which UG and PG in a engineering colleges use print and electronic resources , another purpose of this study in to examine the importance subject discipline to reading preference and use electronic resources , studying these issues, would enable us to better understand the changing patterns of information use in the increasing intensive e-environment.
Academic audit one of the essential activity to be conducted every academic year by the Internal Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC) in institutional libraries for assessing their standards to submit to the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). According to that in this article discussed the need for an academic audit, objectives of the audit, quality measurements, the actual status of libraries, remedial measures to improve the services of the library in every academic year. The objective of the paper is to create awareness among the Library science professionals. This paper also depicts various parameters of libraries assessed during an academic audit. Suggestions were given for the improvement of the library’s standard, supportive documents as proof of every activity and future development. The conclusion of the article is the joint initiative of both the Librarian and the Management for the future development of the institution.
Information literacy is the way of knowledge that provides about the concept of information literacy and the importance of information literacy in education. This study has applied to know the information literacy of the people of Jamalpur and Sherpur districts of Bangladesh. The respondents of this study are mainly drawn from the four selected govt. public libraries of Jamalpur and Sherpur districts of Bangladesh. The analysis of the survey shows that people need information for various purposes in their daily activity, and they use different sources and media for access information. This study has provided some recommendations for the improvement of information literacy services of the public libraries of Bangladesh.
This paper investigated the relationship between of information literacy skills and research competency of postgraduates in Olabisi Onabanjo University (OOU), Ago-Iwoye and Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design and the multistage sampling technique were employed. The target population comprised 2,089 postgraduates from which 337 samples were randomly selected using the Yemane (1973) formula. A validated questionnaire made up of two scales was used to measure information literacy skills (0.79) and research competency (0.78) variables of the study. Findings indicated that the sampled postgraduates possessed high level of research competency, although competencies in handling research methodology as well as data analysis and discussions of finding were low. The study further revealed that respondent postgraduates possessed high information literacy skills. Finally, information literacy skills positively influenced research competency of the sampled postgraduates. The study proffered policy towards promotion and sustenance of research and research methodology courses, provision of library resources and services and effective integration and teaching of library instructions to postgraduates amongst other recommendations.
This study has examined the place of school library services in the intellectual development of students. The study was carried out to identify the basic services which help children to acquire the basic knowledge for development. The researchers employed ex-post facto research design through effective literature review; hence the information collected through secondary sources were discussed qualitatively. It was discovered that the role of library services in the intellectual development of children include that it enhance the reading culture of children, help them to study fiction and non-fiction materials, encourage children to understand the meaning of many concepts and words of their interest, and motivates children for learning. Also, the major challenges which affects the utilization of school library for children intellectual development includes non availability/accessibility of children materials in some of the school libraries, lack of adequate finance to procure children materials, inadequate staff training to understand the area of children literature/interest, and poor facilities like electricity in the school libraries. Based on the finding, it was recommended that there should be provision of needed resources and equipments in the school libraries which are of interest to children so as to encourage children reading culture and intellectual development. Also, the school library staff should be trained so as to identify the area of children’ literature/interest so that the materials will be procured.
The National Digital Library of India (NDLI) is a National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT) project developed by the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. This research paper focuses on changing and challenging role of librarianship in digital era. The fusion of information and technology has led to the concept of Information technology and further tremendous developments in communication networks resulted Information and Communication Technology. The current millennium has been the era of embedded technology, which has had greater impact on every aspects of life and attested to every organizational set up irrespective of its nature. Researcher traces the genesis and growth in implementation and scholarly use of this embedded Library and Information Services by faculty and researcher in India. Ministry of Human Resources Development (MHRD), Govt. Of India aegis NDLI Project Co-ordinated by Central Library (ISO-9001:2015 Certified), IIT Kharagpur, West Bengal-721302 India.
The influx of information and communication technologies (ITCs) into library has changed the roles and responsibilities of librarians, the methods of accessing information, usage of information resources and as well the format of information resources. Information resources are either in print or electronic format or both in print and electronic format. In this article the authors demonstrated that, increased access and used of e-resources have significantly addressed the standard of education worldwide. Specifically, the paper discussed the concept of e-resources and usefulness to education, some advantages and disadvantages of e-resources, and access and use of online resources in addressing the entire education sector. Also discussed in the paper is the control of access to online resources through ID login and password, IP authentication and licensing policies. The discussion demonstrated that, the management of online resources is fundamental to their access and use among users. The paper concluded that online resources are widely accepted because of their enormous merits over the print. In spite of their acceptance, users of the resources are still faces with several challenges to access and use the resources.
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